Undesirable effects caused by the product itself can be difficult to distinguish from the physiological effects of the nerve block (e.g., fall in blood pressure, bradycardia, temporary urinary retention), events caused directly by the needle puncture (e.g., spinal haematoma) or caused indirectly by the needle puncture (e.g., meningitis, epidural abscess) or events associated with leakage of cerebrospinal leakage (e.g., post lumbar puncture headache). (See Table 2).
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